Everything about Nitrogen Dioxide totally explained
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Nitrogen dioxide is the
chemical compound NO2. It is one of the several
nitrogen oxides. This reddish-brown
gas has a characteristic sharp, biting odor.
NO2 is one of the most prominent air pollutants and a poison by inhalation.
Preparation
Nitrogen dioxide (NO
2) is prepared by simple reaction of
nitric acid (HNO
3) over
copper metal. The reaction is the following:
» 4HNO
3(aq) + Cu(s) → Cu(NO
3)
2(aq) + 2NO
2(g) + 2H
2O(L)
Safety and pollution considerations
Nitrogen dioxide is toxic by inhalation. Symptoms of poisoning (
lung edema) tend to appear several hours after one has inhaled a low but potentially fatal dose. Also, low concentrations (4 ppm) will anesthetize the nose, thus creating a potential for overexposure.
Long-term exposure to NO
2 at concentrations above 40–100 µg/m³ causes adverse health effects.
Nitrogen dioxide is formed in most
combustion processes using
air as the
oxidant. At elevated temperatures
nitrogen combines with
oxygen to form nitrogen dioxide:
» 2O
2 + N
2 → 2 NO
2
The most important sources of NO
2 are
internal combustion engines,
thermal power stations and, to a lesser extent,
pulp mills.
The map shown below, depicting results of satellite measurements over Europe, illustrates nitrogen dioxide as large scale pollutant, with rural background ground level concentrations in some areas around 30 µg/m³, not far below unhealthful levels. Nitrogen dioxide plays a role in atmospheric chemistry, including the formation of
tropospheric ozone.
A recent study by researchers at the
University of California, San Diego, suggests a link between NO
2 levels and
Sudden Infant Death Syndrome.
Further Information
Get more info on 'Nitrogen Dioxide'.
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